NEW YORK — The United States ties with China as being the least favorable to downstream industries in trade cases, according to a study by an industry trade group.

"The U.S. does not adequately consider the interests of consuming industries in imposing anti-dumping and countervailing duty laws," Consuming Industries Trade Action Coalition (Citac) legal counsel Lewis Leibowitz, a partner at Washington law firm Hogan Lovells, said in a statement.

The study looked at Brazil, Canada, China, India, Mexico, the United States and the European Union, with the rankings based on nine categories that included zeroing reviews, duties deducted from export prices, relief for short-supply conditions and public interest tests. Mexico received the study’s highest ranking.

The U.S. anti-dumping/countervailing duties system "received a low score because it is on the wrong side of most of the key issues of importance for consuming industries in the U.S.," according to the Citac study. "The U.S. is the only country on the list that has a retrospective system, rather than a prospective system, in the collection of duties."